Dont Know Much About History: Cold War

How many television sets were sold in 1950? How did television change America? What other factors changed America in the 50s?

· There were more then 4 million sold and they provided a new source of entertainment.

· When people expanded and moved out to the suburbs it created a large demand for cars. And with cars came highways, fast food and drive-ins.

What three important novels were published in the 50s? What did they do or promote?

· The Catcher in the Rye – was written by J.D. Salinger. It was about the alienation of the youth.

· The Naked and the Dead – was written by Norman Mailer and it presented us with the uncomfortable views of soldiers and what they had to go through.

· On the Road – it was a book that went against the ideas of conformity in America.

What was the Iron Curtain?

· It was what separated the Soviets and the Europeans

What was the Truman Doctrine about?

· Truman helping Turkey and Greece so they wouldn’t be controlled by the Soviets.

What were the “witch hunts” of the 1950s? Why did this happen?

· This is when people were scared of communism and the government help make people even more scared and said that the communists were spying on you, and the Witch hunts was just the hunting of communists.

Who was Klaus Fuchs? Describe the Rosenberg case?

· He leaked Atomic bomb information to Soviet Russia. Rosenberg wouldn’t talk about the secrets they gave away so the killed him.

What was the Korean War about? Why was MacArthur removed from service?

· North Korea (supported by the communists) invaded South Korea (supported by the U.S.). They removed MacArthur because he thought if the U.S. were going to contain communism that we would need to kill china. And MacArthur had a disagreement with Truman.

What was important about Brown v. Board of Education? How did Eisenhower have to enforce it’s ruling in Little Rock?

· His daughter wasn’t allowed to go to the white public schools because she was black, so Eisenhower sent paratroopers to protect her.

Discuss the importance of the Montgomery Bus Strike.

· This was when Rosa Parks wouldn’t move to the back of the bus, this caused a lot of extra tension between the whites and blacks. She was arrested and then Martin Luther King Jr. voiced his opinions and asked the blacks to stand up for themselves and to start boycotting buses. (Montgomery’s transportation specifically)

Discuss the beginning of the space race.

· This was the launch of Sputnik (mans first artificial satellite), so Soviets started leading in the race and beating the U.S. so the U.S. responded by increasing American education in the field of rocketry. The race was on now to be the first to get to the moon.

Journey's Chapter 30 # 9-15

9) So the Germans from the east wouldn’t flee into the west and to stop the western influence.

10) There were Missiles in Cuba and he feared this could lead to a war. This was known as the Cuban missile crisis.

11) It allowed him to use American forces in Vietnam and basically allowed him to take any measures necessary to force back any armed attack against the U.S.

12) It was the chemical Herbicide and they sprayed it to clear out the forests and tall grasses in Vietnam. However it is believed to have contaminated a lot of Americans and Vietnamese, which caused serious health problems.

13) The Tet offensive was a series of attacks that happened throughout South Vietnam. It targeted American military bases and South Vietnam’s major cities. This was a big turning point in the war.

14)

· In WWII we had an actual reason to fight

· The newer generation didn’t believe in fighting as strongly as the older generation did

· It was going to cost a lot of money

· People were being forced (drafted) to join the military

15)

· The younger generation didn’t support him

· Having someone new take power while a country is loosing a war isn’t the best idea, especially because he had a different view on the way things should have been done during the war

· Because of that no one trusted his decisions involving the war

Journey questions

9) Winston Churchill coined the term “Iron Certain” which meant that the Soviets had cut off Eastern Europe from the west.

11) A cold war was a war in which the two enemies did not actually fight each other. Instead each nation began building up its military forces and arms to intimidate the other.

13) It provided billions of dollars in loans to help returning GI’s—soldiers, sailors, and marines—attend college, receive special training, set up businesses or buy homes. It also provided unemployment and health benefits for the GI’s as they looked for jobs.

15) The agreement that ended the war created a demilitarized zone, a region where military forces could not enter, between North and South Korea. The war ended with neither side achieving victory and there were almost no territory changes. There were many casualties on all sides.

16) The HUAC began investigating communist subversion in the nation. The Committee questioned people about their knowledge of communists or communist sympathizers.

5) Alaska and Hawaii

9) Fidel Castro

10) Jets became revolutionized after the production of the 707 jet. It was able to carry more then 100 passengers at a time. Computers were also starting to gain ground and be used for big businesses.

14) People began to move to the suburbs, which kept a great amount of the population out of the city, except for those affected by poverty. This lead to a large amount of poverty in the cities.

16) If they had nuclear weapons they would not need to have large armies because they would already hold enough power from the nuclear weapons.

17) Since people moved to the suburbs they are more spread out and because they need to get around to run errands and go to the store, there was a higher demand for more cars.

Don't know much about history Part II

1) Why did FDR want to pack the Supreme Court? Did it work? Do you think this was constitutionally correct?

· So they would be in favor the new deal so it could get passed. It didn’t work and it wasn’t really constitutionally correct.

2) What is a theory about Amelia Earhart's death? Why was she important?

· That Japanese shot her down, and there was another one that she ran out of fuel and crashed into the ocean. She was the first female to cross the Atlantic, she was going to go across the world but she didn’t make it. A model of a rugged feminism.

3) What was Lend-Lease?

· America would lend tanks, warplanes, and ships that could be returned in kind after the war. He granted un presidented powers to aid any country whose defense was deemed vital to any defense.

4) Discuss the BATTLE OF BRITAIN.

· It was a 16-week air war, which caused Britain more then 900 planes and thousands of civilian lives, Germany lost 1700 aircrafts. England was about to run out of the cash it needed to keep their defense alive.

5) What were some of the reasons isolationists wanted to stay out of the war?

· They didn’t want the ammunition makers making a large profit.

6) What was the traditional definition of Fascism? Who were the Fascists of Europe in the 30s?

· A military dictatorship built on racist and power for the nationalistic foundations generally with the broad support the business class. They were people who didn’t like other governments. Hitler and Mussolini.

7) Who were the Axis Powers?

· Germany, Japan, and Italy.

8) In what year and month did Japan invade Perking?

· July, 1937.

9) What were the aggressive actions of Germany and Italy before the start of WWII?

· They marched into Austria and Hitler declared Austria re-untied with Germany. And he demanded the Sudeten land in Czechoslovakia and then they took the rest of Czechoslovakia and then he took Poland. And everywhere in Western Europe.

10) What are the two views of Pearl Harbor?

· The first was that FDR was preoccupied with the war in Europe and didn’t want war with Japan. The other one is that he wanted to be in the war and he knew about the attacks and that Japan was going to do something.

11) What does Japan cite as reasons to go to war?

· America stopped giving them oil. And America loaned money to the nationalists in china.

12) What is the date of Pearl Harbor?

· December 7^th, 1941

13) What is the date of D-Day?

· June 6^th, 1944

14) What was the cost of World War II?

· More than 38,000,000 people died. 22 million from Russia, 3.5 million Germans, 1.2 million Japanese a lot were soldiers, 300,000 in the united states.

15) What was the Yalta Conference?

· It was the moping up meeting between Winston Churchill, FDR, and Joseph Stalin. They met in Yalta.

16) What did Stalin demand in return for his agreement to enter the war against Japan?

· The soviets would control Manchuria and Mongolia and would be ceded half a Sakhalin Island and Kurile Islands, off northern Japan; a Soviet occupation zone would be created in Korea; and in the United Nations, a veto power would be given to the major nations, of which the Soviet Union was one, along with the United States, Great Britain, France, and China.

17) What is FDR's legacy?

· He was the indispensable man of his time, which was the Depression and WWII. The new Deal, and the first 100 days. He was a near dictator, he had a lot of power, WPA, NRA

18) Did the U.S. have to drop Atomic weapons on Japan? List the various PROs and CONs to this argument.

· Yes, If they hadn’t they would have had to invade Japan and many American lives would have been lost. It was bad because if they dropped it out of the plane and it didn’t explode then the Japanese resistance would have been a lot less.

19) How did the Cold War start?

· The idea that we have a nuclear bomb and we have it and we are not afraid to loose it, the big stick. And it was the build up of nuclear weapons on each side.

Dont know much about history

1) Name five important books of the 1920s.

· Gatsby, three soldiers, main street, Babbitt, Arrow smith and Elmer gantry

2) What was the first "talkie"? How did it change America?

· The jazz singer, it was a multi million dollar production, and Hollywood became “Hollywood.”

3) Discuss the "Red Scare of 1919".

· It was the idea that anything slightly tainted by socialism was dangerous. So foreigners started being deported.

4) What was the 18th amendment? Why was it enacted? How did it go wrong?

· It prohibited the manufacture, sale, or transportation of intoxication liquors. It was supposed to be an answer to social instability and moral decline at the beginning of the 21^st century. There were a lot of riots and organized crime skyrocketed. The invention of illegal things such as bath tub gin and moonshine were created to compensate for the decline of legal alcohol which in the end the amendment didn’t stop or end alcoholism and alcohol related deaths because if people wanted a drink they drank.

5) Who were Susan B. Anthony and Alice Paul?

· Together they set up the NWSA, Susan B. Anthony was called the napoleon of women’s rights, and they were women activists. They pushed for reforms in New York and continued to urge the vote for women at the national level; they thought it was just as important as black people being able to vote.

6) What is important about Henry Ford? How did he change America?

· He revolutionized the automobile industry. He perfected the assembly line and the versions of the automobiles. He came out with the first Model T. The American dream of freedom on the open road became a reality.

7) What is important about Charles Lindbergh? How did he symbolize the times?

· He was the first man to fly solo across the Atlantic. It took him 33 hours. He was a symbol of “do anything” American inventiveness.

8) What were "pool operators" and how were they crooked?

· They were schemers. They would make stock prices go up really high and then they would con someone into buying their stocks at a high price and then the stock would go way down and they would take that money and run.

9) How were stocks inflated? How did this cause the crash?

· They got inflated because every one was buying them and then they would borrow money from the brokers who would borrow money from the bank and then they wouldn’t be able to pay them back so then the banks closed which was the crash.

10) What was Black Thursday and Black Tuesday?

· On black Thursday 13 million stocks were sold and then Black Tuesday more than 16 million stocks were sold.

11) What was Hoover's view of Government relief programs?

· That they need to stay out of the problems and they need just let things work themselves out and that hope and good/happy times were around the corner.

12) What was the "Bonus Army"?

· 10,000 veterans went to Washington D.C. because they were supposed to be getting a bonus in a couple years and they wanted it now so they led a riot.

13) What happened during the "Hundred Days"?

· It was the new deal, which was FDR’s attempt to bring the economy back up by making government funded programs that employed the people in order to bring the economy back up.

14) What was the WPA and what did it do?

· Workers progress administration. It was set up for federal construction projects. It also set up artistic projects that employed thousands of musicians, writers and artists.

15) What were Roosevelt's FIRESIDE CHATS and why did they become important?

· It was where FDR did radio broadcasts about what was going on in the government and it made the people feel more secure

Journy book questions 7-23

7. The transcontinental railroad brought many jobs to America, and the wild west. It made it easier and faster to transport goods and people. It boosted the nation's steel industry and coal industry. It also set up new towns along the railroad. It helped construction and agriculture companies flourish. It helped out ranchers and farmers a lot because they were able to transport crops and cattle.

8. The Chisholm trail led from central Texas to Abilene, Kansas.

9. There were buffalo and other game they weren't used to. It was basically unsettled so it wasn't crowded. It was nice and flat for planting crops. Free land was offered by new laws, and the railroad made it easier and cheaper to get there. There was also the promise of gold out west.

10. They were a very large group of African Americans who moved from the south to settle in Kansas, escaping former slave states.

11. It addressed the lack of rain and moisture in the midwest and western states.

12. There was a mass hunting of buffalo by white people for a few years. They did it to feed the railroad workers and so buffalo wouldn't be in the way. This led the buffalo to near extinction.

13. Oklahoma.

14. He was an Indian leader. He was a chief of the Apache. He led raids against white settlers and he kept attacking them. He escaped them multiple times. He ended up being the last chief to surrender to the whites, holding on long past his contemporaries.

15. It offered farmers education, fellowship, and support. It gave them things such as libraries, social gatherings, and cooperatives.

16. They supported shorter work days, free silver, private companies owning the railroad and telegraph lines, limiting presidency and vice presidency to a single term, secret ballots, and electing senators directly, and a national income tax.

17. People set up boomtowns (like Skagway!) near gold fields as a place for miners to live while they searched for gold. They also set up towns along the railroad to run railway stations for gold and goods and people to pass through.

18. The railroad was able to transport cattle to places they wouldn't have been able to go otherwise. This allowed ranchers to be able to make money off of their cattle by selling them to people in places where there wasn't cattle.

19. The banks were charging them astronomical interest on their loans. The price they could sell their crops for was getting lower and lower, but the price they paid for equipment and seeds and things stayed at the same high place. They were consistently going into debt and being unable to get themelves out until they had to sell their farms or go bankrupt.

20.

• The movement of whites onto Native American lands, and the slaughter of buffalo.

• The United States Army attacked Indians a bunch.

• The Reservation Policy forced Indians into small, unfarmable plots of land.

21. Montana.

22. North.

23. They lived in the Arizona territory.

Don't Know Much About History

1) Why does the author suggest that John Brown had a sense of humor?

· President Buchanan puts a price on Brown’s head set at $250, and Brown jokingly responded with a bounty of $2.50 on Buchanan’s.

2) What was John Brown's plan?

· Brown’s plan was to arm the slaves who would flock to his crusade and establish a black republic in the Appalachians to war against slave holding in the south.

3) Why did John Brown become a symbol?

· He became a symbol for the abolitionist movement and he was caught and put on trial for the cause. Many decided he was a martyr in a just cause.

4) When and why did South Carolina succeed from the Union?

· December of 1860. South Carolina found out that Lincoln would become president so it became the first state to declare its’ secession from the Union.

5) List some of the advantages of the North at the beginning of the war. List some of the advantages of the South at the beginning of the war.

· There were more people in the north, more money and they increased their wartime supplies better then the south.

· The south fought a defensive war, they had a greater martial spirit, they owned their own weapons (rifles) and they had better leaders.

6) List some of the (5) famous battles of the Civil War with a brief description of each.

· Bombarding of fort Sumter – was the battle that officially started the war, lack of supplies causes the fort’s commander to surrender after South Carolina militia forces bombard them.

· First Battle of Bull Run – a confederate victory due to poor union generalship. Fought in Manassas Virginia. About 30,000 soldiers on each side.

· The Seven Days’ battle – June 26^th to July 2^nd in 1862. Lee attacks and drives McClellan from Richmond, which ends the Peninsular Campaign, which very well could have captured Richmond and ended the war.

· Battle of Antietam – bloody and crucial turning point of the h. With Lee offensive stalled, the likelihood of European recognition of the south is reduced, which is what they had hoped for for winning the war.

· Battle of Appomattox Court House – General Robert E. Lee surrenders his army here, in 1865. This is then end of the Civil war.

7) How do you view Lincoln's suspension of "the writ of habeas corpus"?

· I don’t agree with it because it was unconstitutional and it gave generals the right to detain thousands of people if the thought they were a threat to safety.

8) What if Lee's plan had not been found at the battle of Antiem?

· If Lee’s plans weren’t given to McClellan at the battle of Antietam then the Confederacy probably would have won. If the Confederacy hadn’t won this battle then since this was such a big turning point in the war, they may not have actually won the war.

9) What was the reconstruction?

· It is a way to rebuild the south while bringing them into the Union. It would readmit states after they had ratified the thirteenth amendment, abolishing slavery. Parts of the plan included giving up ones beliefs and adopting those beliefs of the north, and accepting the fourteenth amendment, which allowed blacks to vote.

10) Why did the Klu Klux Klan form?

· A group that rebelled against the part of the reconstruction that allowed blacks to be involved in politics. They used political terrorism to frighten blacks as well as white republicans

11) Discuss Andrew Johnson's impeachment.

· He was the fist president to be impeached. Under Article II section 4 of the constitution the president may be impeached if they are convicted of briber, treason or other high crimes. Since Johnson tried to dismiss war secretary Edwin M Stanton, the house impeached him.